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Catacombs of San Sebastiano
The Catacombs of San Sebastiano are a hypogeum cemetery in Rome (Italy), rising along Via Appia Antica, in the Ardeatino Quarter.
They are one of the very few Christian burial places that have always been accessible. The first of the former four floors is now almost completely destroyed.
==The toponym==
In ancient times the catacombs were simply known with the name ''in catacumbas'', a Greek term composed by two words, ''katà'' and ''kymbe'', literally meaning "close to the cavity". Actually, along the Appian Way, close to the cemetery, an evident dip in the ground is visible even now. Moreover, before its employment as a burial ground, the area was occupied by pozzolan mines, now placed about ten meters above the floor of the Basilica of San Sebastiano fuori le mura: these mines gave rise to a pagan cemetery, then used by Christians. The word ''catacumbas'', through a process of extension and assimilation, was gradually used to identify all the hypogeum burial sites, thus simply called ''catacombs''.
The underground graveyard, called ''di San Sebastiano'' just since Early Middle Ages, was formerly known (since the 3rd century) as ''in memoria apostolorum'', a toponym referred to the presence within the catacomb, for some time, of the relics of the Apostles Peter and Paul. In effect, the ''Depositio Martyrum'' (half of the 4th century), at the date of 29 June, talks about the recurrence of Peter ''in catacumbas'' and Paul on ''Via Ostiensis''. The ''Martyrologium Hieronymianum'' (5th century), at the same date, cites the recurrence of Peter in Vatican, Paul on ''Via Ostiensis'' and ''utrumque in catacumbas, Tusco et Basso consulibus'' (during the consulship of Tuscus and Bassus, that is in 258).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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